Description: In an increasing population the number of persons falls off from age to age more rapidly than does the stationary population of the life table. This can introduce a systematic bias into life table calculations. The first part of the paper describes an iterative procedure to correct for the bias, extends the method to multiple decrement and associated single decrement life tables, and demonstrates the magnitude of the bias involved. The second part of the paper summarizes the results of applying iterative life table techniques to 165 populations which encompass over a century's experience and include countries from all parts of the world. Followed by discussions submitted by several people

Description: This session is about annuity approximations. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1968, Vol. 20 Pt. 1, No. 57

Description: This paper focuses on the equity unit annuity popularly termed the variable annuity. Followed by several discussion papers submitted

Description: Development of a formula for the continuous annuity ax:n| in terms of the Makeham parameters A, B, and c, and the force of interest. Followed by several discussion papers submitted

Description: This is a discussion of the title paper by Robert M. Duncan which outlines the use of a contributory money purchase plan with death benefits, and investments in equities, to fund pensions. The approach is critiqued.

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, Actuarial Note: Reserves by Different Mortality Tables by Harry Gershenson. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1951, Vol. 3, No. 7.

Description: This is a discussion of the paper, Actuarial Note: The Equation of Equilibrium by Donald C. Baillie. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1951, Vol. 3, No. 7.

Description: This is the discussion of the paper by J. Alan Lauer that develops the apportionate basis for the immediate payment of claims as an alternative to continuous functions. A new function, the apportionable annuity due, is defined and derived and formulas for net premiums and terminal reserves on the apportionable basis are developed. Then an investigation is made of the relationship of net premiums and terminal reserves on the apportionable basis to the corresponding functions on the continuous functions basis.

Description: This paper presents the general notion of a periodogram, following Elphinstone's approach. The paper then goes on to examine symmetric linear operators and their periodograms in preparation for the end discussion of periodograms of graduators.

Description: This paper offers a mathematical discussion of integrating private pension plans with social security and looks at IRS rules, earnings replacement by social security, integrating defined benefit and defined contribution plans, early retirement, target plans, discrimination test and other issues. From Transactions of Society of Actuaries 1976, Vol. 28.